Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 PhD student in Sports Management, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Sports Management, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
3 Associate Professor of Sports Management, University of Ilam, Ilam, Iran.
4 Assistant Professor, Department of Sports Management, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran.
Abstract
Due to the environmental challenges of sports and conflicts between organizational management and human resources in sports, civil disobedience behaviors, as a multidimensional challenge, require identification of influencing factors and provision of effective solutions. The aim of this study was to develop a conceptual model for managing human resources’ civil disobedience behaviors in Iranian sports. The research method was qualitative with a multiple grounded theory approach. In line with the methodology, concepts were extracted from two samples: scientific and executive experts (18 participants) and scientific texts (28 articles). Sampling was conducted based on theoretical saturation and purposive judgmental methods. Data collection tools included semi-structured interviews with experts and a conceptual extraction framework from texts. The validity and reliability of the research were confirmed by the coders’ agreement coefficient (0.69). Data analysis was performed using multiple-stage coding in the multiple grounded theory approach. Findings revealed that the conceptual framework consisted of 183 initial codes, 44 axial codes, 14 selective codes, and 6 main categories. Based on the coding framework and the nature of theoretical relationships in the multiple grounded theory approach, a conceptual model was designed and explained. The main categories and their selective codes included causal conditions (social pressures and organizational problems), core phenomenon (manifestations and types of civil disobedience), contextual factors (cultural, individual, and environmental characteristics), intervening factors (media, economic, and governance influences), strategies (structural and behavioral), and consequences (organizational, occupational, social, and environmental). The extracted framework emphasizes the necessity of shifting from reactive management to a proactive.
Keywords
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